Have you ever wondered about the process of turning a page into a visually appealing website? The answer lies in three languages: HTML, CSS and JavaScript. Learning these languages may seem daunting at first, but once you grasp the basics, you'll realize they are not as complex as they appear. This essay aims to provide an overview of HTML, CSS and JavaScript fundamentals and explore their interconnections.

HTML:

The initial step, towards building a website involves creating its structure, which's where HTML comes into play. HyperText Markup Language (HTML) serves as the tool for this purpose. It allows you to construct your web pages layout using a series of elements, like headings, paragraphs or images. An element comprises a tag and its content. To create an element, put an element name (“h1" for "heading 1") within the angle brackets and close it by placing "/” before the element name.The desired outcome is this: <h1></h1>. Then, you can insert any content within the tags to create an element, such as <h1>Hello!</h1>. This will display "Hello!" as a heading on the page. Additionally a tag can have attributes that provide information about the element. For instance, using <h1 style="color;red">Hello!</h1> will make the text appear in red. However to ensure that the code functions properly, it is necessary to include an HTML boilerplate at the beginning of each document. This template includes both a head and body section, with all code residing within the body section.

CSS:
A website that solely relies on HTML may look plain. As a result, programmers utilize CSS (Cascading Style Sheets) to enhance the appearance of web pages. CSS determines how HTML elements are displayed on the web by allowing customization of aspects such as size, color and alignment of text. CSS includes rulesets, which are statements that tell the browser how to style HTML elements. A ruleset includes an element name (such as h1) followed by a set of curly braces: h1 {}. Inside the curly braces is the declaration part, which includes the element’s property (its color, size, …) and the value of the property. A property and its value must be separated by a colon “:”, and each declaration must end with a semicolon “;”. A complete ruleset should look like this: h1 {color: green;}, resulting in a green heading. What’s more, a ruleset can contain many declarations and elements: h1, p {color: blue; font-family: serif; }. While external CSS - CSS in a CSS file and linked to a HTML file - is common among the programmers, there are two other types of CSS: inline and internal CSS. Inline CSS appears as an attribute in the opening tag, while Internal CSS appears in the head section of HTML boilerplate through a style tag.

JavaScript:
When it comes to creating a website, HTML and CSS are essential. They don't make the site interactive. To add With HTML and CSS, you can now create a static website, but it is not functional. In order to make the webpage interactable, JavaScript is needed. JavaScript is a programming language that is able to add behavior to the page such as creating an alert or changing a HTML element on click. Unlike HTML and CSS, JavaScript is more complicated since it has many difficult concepts to grasp and requires prior knowledge of the other two languages. Let’s start with a simple statement: (prompt (“What is your name?”);). This statement will generate a pop-up asking “What is your name?” with a box to fill in at the top of the screen. The statement starts with a JavaScript’s keyword that tells the browser to behave a certain way (the “prompt” keyword tells the browser to create a pop-up). The middle part is the message that you want to deliver; it can be anything from letters to numbers and symbols. The statement will then end with a semicolon to avoid confusion with other lines of code. But when we fill in a prompt, the information disappears. So in order to store information, we need JS variables. JS variables are like boxes that we can put information such as texts, numbers, or even a statement in. To create a variable, you need to use the JS keyword "var" or "let" along with a variable name: (var age). After declaring the variable, you can assign a value to it by using the equal sign “=” followed by the information: (var name = 15;). By creating a variable, you can store information and call it whenever needed. Because of its effectiveness, JS can have a lot of uses. It can be used for front-end development, back-end development, and game development. This sets JS to be the most popular and in-demand language.

HTML, CSS, and JavaScript are the foundation of building a website. HTML allows you to shape a website with elements such as headings, paragraphs, and images. Once you have the basic structure of the website, CSS can be applied to beautify the site and make it simple to read and interact with. Meanwhile, JavaScript turns the website into an interactive platform with features such as alerting users through a pop-up or creating a sound when a user clicks a button. Despite their differences, these three languages correlated deeply with each other: HTML provides a foundation for CSS and JavaScript to build on. Without one or another, a website cannot be complete.